Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose
The personality and gratitude of Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose
Introduction of Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose
Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Jayanti
Life of Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose
Journey from teaching to ICS
Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose quotes
Entry and work in the freedom struggle
Imprisonment
Stay in europe
Love marriage in austria
Stay in Germany and meet Hitler
Campaign in East Asia
Netaji’s influence on India’s independence
Accident and death news
Everyone must have heard the name of Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose, because his contribution is incomparable in the independence of India, there will be only those people in India or abroad who would not have heard of Netaji.
Let us understand the full story of Netaji today and know what his contribution was in the independence of India.
Shubhash Chandro Boshu, born: 23 January 1897, died: 18 August 1945) was the pioneer and greatest leader of India’s freedom struggle. During World War II, he formed the Azad Hind Fauj with the support of Japan to fight against the British. The slogan of Jai Hind given by him has become the national slogan of India. His slogan of “You give me blood, I will give you freedom” was also very popular at that time. Indians refer to him as ‘Netaji’.
Some historians believe that when Netaji tried to get help from Japan and Germany, the British government ordered his spies to end them in 1941.
On 5 July 1943, Netaji addressed the army as “Supreme Commander” in front of the Town Hall of Singapore, “Walk to Delhi!” Gave the slogan and in collaboration with the Japanese Army, the British and Commonwealth Army, along with Burma, took a fierce front together in Imphal and Kohima.
On 21 October 1943, Subhash Bose, as the supreme commander of the Azad Hind Fauj, formed a temporary government of independent India, which was recognized by the governments of 11 countries including Germany, Japan, the Philippines, Korea, China, Italy, Manchuko and Ireland. Japan gave Andaman and Nicobar islands to this temporary government. Subhash went to those islands and renamed them.
In 1944, the Azad Hind Fauj attacked the British again and also liberated some Indian territories from the British. The Battle of Kohima was a fierce battle fought from 4 April 1944 to 22 June 1944. In this war, the Japanese army had to retreat, and that proved a turning point.
On 6 July 1944, he released a broadcast in the name of Mahatma Gandhi from Rangoon radio station in which he sought his blessings and best wishes for victory in this decisive war.
There is controversy even today about Netaji’s death. While his martyrdom day is celebrated every year on August 18 in Japan, his family members living in India still believe that Subhash did not die in 1945. He was then under house arrest in Russia. If this is not the case, then why did the Government of India not make the documents related to his death public yet? (As such, the leader was not killed)
On 16 January 2014 (Thursday), the Calcutta High Court ordered the formation of a special bench to hear a PIL seeking the disclosure of intelligence documents related to the mystery of Netaji’s disappearance.
For the first time in history, Prime Minister of India, Narendra Modi unfurled the tricolor at the Red Fort in 2018, on the completion of 75 years of the Azad Hind government. 23 January is the 125th birth anniversary of Netaji, which the Government of India has decided to celebrate as ‘Parakram Divas’.
Birth and family life
Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose was born on 23 January 1897 in the city of Cuttack, Odisha to a Hindu Kayastha family. His father’s name was Jankinath Bose and mother’s name was Prabhavati. Jankinath Bose was a famous lawyer of the city of Cuttack. At first he was a government lawyer but later he started private practice. He worked for a long time in the monarchy of Cuttack and was also a member of the Bengal Legislative Assembly. The British government gave him the title of Raibahadur. Prabhavati Devi’s father’s name was Ganganarayan Dutt. The Dutt family was considered an aristocratic family of Kolkata. Prabhavati and Jankinath Bose had 14 children in all, with 6 daughters and 8 sons. Subhash was his ninth child and fifth son. Of all his brothers, Subhash was most fond of Sharad Chandra. Sharad Babu was Prabhavati and Jankinath’s second son. Subhash used to call him Mejda. Sharadbabu’s wife’s name was Vibhavati.
Journey from teaching to ICS
After completing primary education from Protestant School, Cuttack, in 1909, he joined Revensha Collegiate School. The college’s principal Benimadhav Das had a good influence on Subhash’s mind. At the age of just fifteen, Subhash had done a full study of Vivekananda literature. In 1915, he passed the Intermediate examination in second class despite being ill. In 1916, when he was a student of BA in Philosophy (Hons), there was a fight between the teachers and the students of the Presidency College over something. Banned as well. He took the examination for recruitment in the 49th Bengal Regiment, but due to poor eyes, he was disqualified for the army. Somehow he got admission in the Scottish Church College, but the mind was asking to join the army. In order to use the free time, he took the Territorial Army examination and entered the Fort William Army as a lieutenant. Then it was thought that somewhere like BA Intermediate, Subhash studied very diligently and passed his BA (Hons) examination in the first class in 1919. He was ranked second in the University of Calcutta.
The father wished that Subhash should become ICS, but given his age, he had to pass this exam only once. He asked the father for twenty-four hours to think so that he could take a final decision on whether to give the exam or not. He kept awake all night wondering what to do. Finally, he decided to take the exam and went to England on 15 September 1919. Unable to get admission in any London school to prepare for the exam, Subhash somehow got admission for studying Tripas (Hons) examination of mental and moral sciences at Kits William Hall. This solved their problem of living and eating. Recently, taking admission was an excuse to show the real purpose by passing in ICS. So he passed in 1920, securing fourth position in the preference list.
After this, Subhash wrote a letter to his elder brother Sharat Chandra Bose and wanted to know his opinion that the ideals of Swami Vivekananda and Maharishi Arvind Ghosh have been captured by their hearts and minds, how can they become slaves of the British by becoming ICS? Wrote a letter of resignation from the ICS to the Secretary of India ES Montague on 22 April 1921. Wrote a letter to Deshvandhu Chittaranjan Das. But soon after getting the letter from her mother Prabhavati that “Father, family members or anything else, they are proud of their son’s decision.” Subhash returned to home in June 1921 with a Tripas (Hons) degree in mental and moral sciences.
Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose quotes
“You give me blood, I’ll give you freedom!”
“It is our duty to pay for our freedom with our own blood. We must have the strength to protect the freedom we get from our sacrifice and hard work.”
“Today we should have only one desire in us, the desire to die so that India can live! The desire to die a martyr’s death so that the path of freedom can be paved with the blood of martyrs.”
“I do not know who among us will survive in this war of freedom! But I know that in the end, victory will be ours!”
“Nationalism is inspired by the highest ideal of mankind, Satya, Shiva and Sundar.”
“Nationalism in India has infused a creative power that was lying dormant in people for centuries.”
“If you have to bow down temporarily then bow down like heroes!”
“Argument is a great profane thing!”
“Madha Bhave Gudam Dadyat — that is, where there is a lack of honey, honey should be removed from the good itself!”
Entry and work in the freedom struggle
Inspired by the work of Deshbandhu Chittaranjan Das, a freedom fighter from Kolkata, he wanted to work with Subhash Dasbabu. From England, he wrote a letter to Dasababu and expressed his desire to work with him. According to the advice of Rabindranath Thakur, on his return to India, he first went to Mumbai and met Mahatma Gandhi. Gandhiji used to reside in Mani Bhavan in Mumbai. Gandhiji and Subhash met for the first time on 20 July 1921. Gandhiji advised him to go to Kolkata and work with Dasbabu. Subhash then came to Kolkata and met Dasbabu.
In those days Gandhiji started a non-cooperation movement against the British government. Dasbabu was leading this movement in Bengal. Subhash joined them in this movement. In 1922, Dasbabu founded the Swaraj Party under the Congress. Swaraj Party contested the election of Kolkata Mahapalika to oppose the British government from inside the assembly and Dasbabu became the Mayor of Kolkata. He made Subhash the chief executive officer of the municipality. During his tenure, Subhash changed the entire structure and way of working of Kolkata Mahapalika. All the routes in Kolkata were changed to English names and given Indian names. Families of those who gave up their lives in the freedom struggle started getting jobs in the Mahapalika.
Very soon Subhash became an important youth leader of the country. Subhash along with Jawaharlal Nehru started the Independence League of Youth under Congress. When the Simon Commission came to India in 1927, the Congress showed it black flags. Subhash led this movement in Kolkata. To answer the Simon Commission, the Congress entrusted the task of framing the future Constitution of India to the eight-member Commission. Motilal Nehru was the chairman of this commission and Subhash was a member of it. This commission presented the Nehru Report. In 1928, the annual Congress session was held in Kolkata under the chairmanship of Motilal Nehru. In this session, Subhash wearing a khaki uniform saluted Motilal Nehru in a military manner. Gandhiji did not agree with the demand for complete self-rule in those days. In this session, he was determined to demand Dominion status from the British government. But Subhash Babu and Jawaharlal Nehru did not agree to retreat from the demand of complete Swaraj. In the end, it was decided that the British government should be given one year to give Dominion status. If the British government did not meet this demand in a year, the Congress would demand full Swaraj. But the British government did not meet this demand. Therefore, in 1930 when the annual Congress session was held in Lahore under the chairmanship of Jawaharlal Nehru, it was decided that 26 January would be celebrated as Independence Day.
On 26 January 1931, Subhash was leading a huge front by hoisting the national flag in Kolkata when the police fired sticks on him and wounded him and sent him to jail. While Subhash was in jail, Gandhiji compromised with the British government and got all the prisoners released. But the British government refused to release revolutionaries like Bhagat Singh. Gandhiji spoke to the government to forgive Bhagat Singh’s execution, but with tenderness. Subhash wanted Gandhiji to break the agreement made with the British government on this subject. But Gandhiji was not ready to break his promise. The British government remained adamant in its place and Bhagat Singh and his associates were hanged. Subhash Gandhi became very angry with Gandhi and Congress methods for not saving Bhagat Singh.
Imprisonment
Subhash was imprisoned a total of 11 times in his public life. First he was imprisoned for six months on 16 July 1921.
In 1925, a revolutionary named Gopinath Saha wanted to kill Kolkata Superintendent of Police Charles Tegart. He accidentally killed a businessman named Ernest Day. For this he was hanged. After hanging Gopinath, Subhash wept bitterly. He sought the dead body of Gopinath and performed his last rites. This led the British government to conclude that Subhash not only had connections with fiery revolutionaries, but he also inspired them. On this pretext, the British government arrested Subhash and sent him imprisoned indefinitely at Mandal prison in Myanmar without prosecuting him.
On 5 November 1925, Deshbandhu Chittaranjan Das died in Kolkata. Subhash heard the news of his death on the radio at Mandalay jail. While staying at Mandalay jail, Subhash got very sick. He developed tuberculosis. But the British government still refused to release him. To release them, the government placed a condition that they go to Europe for treatment. But the government did not clarify when they could return to India after treatment. Hence Subhash did not accept this condition. Eventually, the situation became so difficult that the jail authorities began to feel that they might not die in prison. The British government did not even want to take the risk that Subhash died in prison. Therefore, the government released him. Subhash then went to Dalhousie for treatment.
Subhash was in imprisonment in 1930 when he was elected the Mayor of Kolkata in the elections. Therefore, the government was forced to release him. Subhash was again imprisoned in 1932. This time he was kept in Almora jail. His health deteriorated again in Almora jail. On the advice of doctors, Subhash agreed to go to Europe this time for treatment.
Stay in europe
From 1933 to 1936, Subhash lived in Europe. Subhash continued his work in Europe, taking care of his health. There he met Mussolini, the leader of Italy, who pledged to assist him in India’s freedom struggle. De Valera, the leader of Ireland, became a good friend of Subhash. The days when Subhash was in Europe, Kamala Nehru, wife of Jawaharlal Nehru, died in Austria. Subhash went there and consoled Jawaharlal Nehru.
Subhash later met Vitthal Bhai Patel in Europe. Subhash along with Vitthalbhai Patel held the mantra which came to be known as Patel-Bose analysis. In this analysis, both of them strongly condemned Gandhi’s leadership. After that Vitthal Bhai Patel became ill when Subhash served him a lot. But Vitthal Bhai Patel did not survive, he died.
In his will, Vitthal Bhai Patel gave all his assets to Subhash. But after his death, his brother Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel did not accept this will. Sardar Patel prosecuted this will in court. On winning this case, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel gifted all his brother’s property to Gandhi’s Harijan Seva work.
In 1934, Subhash received the news of his father’s death. On hearing the news, he returned to Kolkata via airplane via Karachi. Even though he came to know in Karachi that his father had died, he still went to Kolkata. As soon as he reached Kolkata, the British government arrested him and kept him in jail for several days and sent him back to Europe.
Love marriage in austria
In 1934, when Subhash was staying in Austria for his treatment, he needed an English-knowing typist to write his book. A friend of hers met an Austrian woman named Emily Shankel (An: Emilie Schenkl). Emily’s father was a famous vet. Subhash was attracted to Emily [10] and the two fell in natural love. In view of the strict laws of Nazi Germany, both of them got married in 1942 by Hindu method at a place called Bad Gastein. Emily gave birth to a daughter in Vienna. Subhash saw her for the first time when she was barely four weeks old. They named her Anita Bose. Anita Paune was three years old when Subhash died in a so-called plane crash in Taiwan in August 1945. Anita is still alive. Her name is Anita Bose Faf (An: Anita Bose Pfaff). Anita Faf sometimes comes to India to meet her father’s family.
Stay in Germany and meet Hitler
In Berlin, Subhash first met other German leaders such as the Rieben Trope. He founded the Indian Freedom Organization and Azad Hind Radio in Germany. During this time, Subhash came to be known as Netaji. Adam Fon Trott, a minister in the German government, became a good friend of Subhash.
Finally, on 29 May 1942, Subhash met Adolf Hitler, the supreme leader of Germany. But Hitler was not particularly interested in India. He did not give any clear promise of help to Subhash.
Many years ago Hitler wrote the autobiography named Mayne Kampf. In this book, he had done evil to India and Indian people. Subhash expressed his displeasure with Hitler on this subject. Hitler apologized for his actions and pledged to remove that passage in the next edition of Mayne Kampf.
At last, Subhash came to know that he will not get anything from Hitler and Germany. Therefore, on 8 March 1943, he set out in East Kiel in a German submarine with his partner Abid Hasan Safrani at the Kiel harbor in Germany. The German submarine took her to the shores of Madagascar in the Indian Ocean. There they both swam in the sea and reached the Japanese submarine. During the Second World War, this was the only interchange of civilians by the submarines of any two countries’ navies. This Japanese submarine brought them to Padang port in Indonesia.
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